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Citations - Why You Will Never Be Beautiful


  1. Dante Alighieri & Ciardi, J. (2001). The inferno. Signet Classic.

  2. Lucile F. Newman, ed. Hunger in History: Food Shortage, Poverty and Deprivation. Cambridge, Mass., and Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990.

  3. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, ISSN 1920-6216, Vol. 10, No. 3 September 30, 2017

  4. Bloomgarden, Z. (2003). Prevention of obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 26(1), 3172–3178.https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.11.3172

  5. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, ISSN 1920-6216, Vol. 10, No. 3 September 30, 2017

  6. Jozsa, L. (2012). Obesity of women in Paleolithicum. J Obes Wt Loss. 2:5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2165- 7904.1000136

  7. Shipley, O. (1875). A theory about sin in relation to some facts of daily life, Lent Lectures on the 7 Deadly Sins. London, U.K.: Macmillan, pp.1- 343.

  8. Philippians 3:18-19

  9. Harris, Marvin, 1927-. (1985). Good to eat : riddles of food and culture / Marvin Harris. New York : Simon and Schuster

  10. Lucile F. Newman, ed. Hunger in History: Food Shortage, Poverty and Deprivation. Cambridge, Mass., and Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990.

  11. Russell, Bertrand (1935). In Praise of Idleness: And Other Essays. Routledge.

  12. Bonafini BA, Pozzilli P. Body weight and beauty: the changing face of the ideal female body weight. Obes Rev. 2011 Jan;12(1):62-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00754.x. PMID: 20492540.

  13. James Laver - The Concise History of Costume and Fashion (1969, Harry N. Abrams)

  14. McNeill, D. (1999). The Face. United Kingdom: Hamish Hamilton.

  15. A History of Obesity, or How What WasGood Became Ugly and Then BadGarabed Eknoyan, Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, Vol 13, No 4 (October), 2006: pp 421-427

  16. Bonafini BA, Pozzilli P. Body weight and beauty: the changing face of the ideal female body weight. Obes Rev. 2011 Jan;12(1):62-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00754.x. PMID: 20492540.

  17. When Fat Was in Fashion, Anne Hollander, Oct. 23, 1977, The New York Times

  18. Bovet J, Raymond M. Preferred women's waist-to-hip ratio variation over the last 2,500 years. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 17;10(4):e0123284. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123284. PMID: 25886537; PMCID: PMC4401783.

  19. James Laver - The Concise History of Costume and Fashion (1969, Harry N. Abrams)

  20. The Age of Undress: Art, Fashion, and the Classical Ideal in the 1790s Amelia Rauser

  21. Ladies Dress, as it soon will be --" a satire published Jan 20th, 1796, engraved by James Gillray

  22. Meier, A. (2018). How Tuberculosis Symptoms Became Ideals of Beauty in the 19th Century. [online] Hyperallergic. Available at: https://hyperallergic.com/415421/consumptive-chic-a-history-of-beaty-fashion-disease/.

  23. Consumptive chic : a history of beauty, fashion, and disease / Carolyn A. Day. 2017

  24. All Good Sex Is Body Horror By Becca Rothfeld, The New Yorker • 17 February 2024

  25. Laver, James. Costume and Fashion: A Concise History, 5th ed. London: Thames & Hudson, Ltd, 2012

  26. Brinton, Daniel G, George H Napheys, and Joseph Meredith Toner Collection. Personal Beauty: How to Cultivate and Preserve It in Accordance With the Laws of Health. Springfield, Mass.: W. J. Holland, 1870. Pdf. https://www.loc.gov/item/08005071/

  27. The Minnich Collection The Ethel, Morrison Van Derlip Fund, 1966

  28. Davies, Mel. “Corsets and Conception: Fashion and Demographic Trends in the Nineteenth Century.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 24, no. 4, 1982, pp. 611–41. JSTOR

  29. The female offender, Cesare Lombroso 1897

  30. Tony Robert-Fleury of French psychiatrist Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) releasing lunatics from their chains at the Salpêtrière asylum in Paris in 1795.

  31. THOMPSON, LAUREN MACIVOR. “"The Reasonable (Wo)Man”: Physicians, Freedom of Contract, and Women’s Rights, 1870–1930.” Law and History Review, vol. 36, no. 4, 2018, pp. 771–809. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26564620.

  32. WILLIAM OSLER’S “THE NERVOUSNESS OF AMERICAN WOMEN”Richard L. Golden, State University of New York at Stony Brook, History of Psychology 2008, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1–14

  33. Smith-Rosenberg, “New Woman as Androgyne: Social Disorder and Gender Crisis,1870–1936,” in Disorderly Conduct, 205

  34. Ohio State University. Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute

  35. Komlos, J. and Brabec, M. (2010). The evolution of BMI values of US adults: 1882-1986. [online] CEPR. Available at: https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/evolution-bmi-values-us-adults-1882-1986.

  36. Colorized etching of the four-month-old infant Wybrants, weighing 39 pounds (18 kg), sitting in his mother's lap on a chair. The contemporary description dubs him "Mr. Lambert in Miniature." Charles Williams, Master Wybrants, an Infant Weighing 39 Pounds, on His Mother's Knee. Coloured Etching by C. Williams, 1806 ([London]: S.W. Fores, 6 October 1806); digital reproduction of Wellcome Library no. 852i, Wellcome Images, accessed August 10, 2017, https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/V0007161.html. Supplied by Wellcome Collection, licensed under CC-BY.

  37. David Waller, The Perfect Man: The Muscular Life and Times of Eugen Sandow, Victorian Strongman (New York: Victorian Secrets, 2011): 93.

  38. Natalia Mehlman Petrzela (2023). Fit Nation. University of Chicago Press.

  39. Nikil Saval, Cubed: The Secret History of the Workplace (New York: Doubleday, 2014)

  40. Hulls, T. (2017). The Great Sandwina, Circus Strongwoman and Restaurateur. [online] Atlas Obscura. Available at: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-great-sandwina.

  41. Ben-Noun (Nun), Liubov. (2016). OBESITY FROM ANCIENT TO CONTEMPORARY TIMES.

  42. ‌Widdicombe, L. (2017). The Plus Side. [online] The New Yorker. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/09/22/bigger-better.

  43. Amy Erdman Farrell (2011). Fat shame : stigma and the fat body in American culture. New York, Ny: New York University Press.

  44. Limited, A. (n.d.). Original old vintage American magazine advert from the Edwardian era dated 1910. Advertisement advertising Reduce Your Flesh with Dissolvene Rubber Garments of New York USA Stock Photo - Alamy. [online] www.alamy.com. Available at: https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-original-old-vintage-american-magazine-advert-from-the-edwardian-era-103990441.html?imageid=EEE10899-03CF-4F79-BED1-1DE8495CFDBD&p=284124&pn=1&searchId=fd5d29cc9fd9490ab9297892b9a73560&searchtype=0

  45. Sinclair, U. (1994). I, Candidate for Governor. Univ of California Press.

  46. THE COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN SECRET REMEDIES: V.--OBESITY CURES. (1907). BMJ, 2(2427), pp.24–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.2427.24-b.

  47. 1910: "Antipon" : permanently cures obesity. Source: Wellcome Collection.

  48. Heggie V. A Century of Cardiomythology: Exercise and the Heart c.1880–1980. Soc Hist Med. 2010 Aug;23(2):280–98. doi: 10.1093/shm/hkp063. Epub 2009 Nov 24. PMCID: PMC2911268.

  49. Holt, R. (2009). Sport and the British : a modern history. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

  50. Heggie, V. (2010). A Century of Cardiomythology: Exercise and the Heart c.1880-1980. Social history of medicine, 23(2), pp.280–298. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkp063.

  51. ‘Moderation’ Athletics. The Times. 1867 24 October, 9.

  52. ‌Books, L. (2023). Vintage Pulp Fiction Magazine Ads. [online] Medium. Available at: https://lostbooks.medium.com/vintage-pulp-fiction-magazine-ads-3a3fe4839a0e

  53. Toussaint, K. (2015). This woman’s one-piece bathing suit got her arrested in 1907. [online] www.boston.com. Available at: https://www.boston.com/news/history/2015/07/02/this-womans-one-piece-bathing-suit-got-her-arrested-in-1907/.

  54. Gernsheim, A. (1981). Victorian and Edwardian fashion : a photographic survey. New York: Dover.

  55. Maxwell, A. (2014). Patriots Against Fashion. Springer.

  56. PhillyVoice. (2023). In the 1840s, Dr. Mütter used a revolutionary ‘flap’ surgery to help burn patients. [online] Available at: https://www.phillyvoice.com/mutter-flap-plastic-surgery-burn-victims-museum/

  57. Lulu Hunt Peters and Dawson Hunt Perkins (2024). Diet and Health. E-Kitap Projesi & Cheapest Books.

  58. Bonafini BA, Pozzilli P. Body weight and beauty: the changing face of the ideal female body weight. Obes Rev. 2011 Jan;12(1):62-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00754.x. PMID: 20492540.

  59. https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/. (2020). When women were judged by the attractiveness of their ankles, 1930-1953 - Rare Historical Photos. [online] Available at: https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/ankle-competitions-history/.

  60. Recollections (2013). Victorians at the Beach. [online] Recollections Blog. Available at: https://recollections.biz/blog/victorians-at-the-beach/.

  61. Tomko, L.J. and Latham, A.J. (2001). Posing a Threat: Flappers, Chorus Girls, and Other Brazen Performers of the American 1920s. Dance Research Journal, 33(2), p.131. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1477812.

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  63. Exercises Women Should and Don’t Do. Madeline Mulvey

  64. The New Athletic Girl Type. Clifford Thorne

  65. Are Girl Athletes Masculine? Hamilton Dana

  66. Harris, D.V. (1971). DGWS Research Reports: Women in Sports.

  67. Shapeliness, Personality and Charm Thru Exercise. Margaret A. Sargent

  68. Sterilize the Unfit, Normal Haire ChMMB 1922

  69. Konkel, L. (2018). Life for the Average Family During the Great Depression. [online] HISTORY. Available at: https://www.history.com/news/life-for-the-average-family-during-the-great-depression.

  70. Luo F, Florence CS, Quispe-Agnoli M, Ouyang L, Crosby AE. Impact of business cycles on US suicide rates, 1928-2007. Am J Public Health. 2011 Jun;101(6):1139-46. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.300010. Epub 2011 Apr 14. PMID: 21493938; PMCID: PMC3093269.

  71. Komlos, John, and Scott Carson. “The BMI values of the lower classes likely declined during the Great Depression.” Economics and human biology vol. 26 (2017): 137-143. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2017.03.003

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  75. Hans Kraus and Ruth P. Hirschland, “Minimum Muscular Fitness Tests in School Children,” Research Quarterly 25, no. 2 (May 1954): 178–88.

  76. “Physical Fitness” William P. J. Drakeley 1956

  77. KAPLAN, HAROLD I. M.D.2; KAPLAN, HELEN SINGER Ph.D.3. THE PSYCHOSOMATIC CONCEPT OF OBESITY. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 125(2):p 181-201, April 1957.

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  80. SouthFloridaReporter.com (2020). Swanson’s First TV Dinners Cost 98 Cents. [online] South Florida Reporter. Available at: https://southfloridareporter.com/swansons-first-tv-dinners-cost-98-cents/

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  86. Katzmarzyk, P., Davis, C. Thinness and body shape of Playboy centerfolds from 1978 to 1998. Int J Obes 25, 590–592 (2001).

  87. Sypeck MF, Gray JJ, Ahrens AH. No longer just a pretty face: fashion magazines' depictions of ideal female beauty from 1959 to 1999. Int J Eat Disord. 2004 Nov;36(3):342-7. doi: 10.1002/eat.20039. PMID: 15478132.

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